Lets us start with a bit of theory that underlies the best studying strategies. The fundamental goes back to cognitive psychology which is the study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking.
The field of cognitive psychology had impacts in other fields such as economy, social psychology and more relevant for us educational psychology.Before 1950, the field of cognitive psychology was dominated by behaviorism which posit that mental processes were either reflexes or predictable given a person's history.
During the second world war, there was much interest and research in improving the performance of soldiers. In combination with biological knowledge of where in the brain certain mental processes occur, this led to a revolution in cognitive psychology. Mental processes can be divided into parts, they can be studied and they can be improved. The brain is a muscle!
Learning is very much part of cognition. So what have we learned about cognition that can improve soldier performance on the field or student's ability to learn? Quite a bit actually!
Bloom's taxonomy is a way to organize cognitive knowledge in a hierarchy of different level of learning.
The idea is that there are many ways to know something. When someone says that they know something, what does that mean? Let us say my friend comes in and state that he/she knows about black holes